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Android 11/12/13 动态权限申请问题完整教程（存储、相机、相册）

本文整理Android开发中高频使用的权限申请、文件存储工具类、图片压缩/旋转/保存工具代码，可直接复制使用。

一、AndroidManifest.xml 权限配置 

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<!-- Android 13 图片、音频、视频权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_AUDIO" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_MEDIA_VIDEO" />

<!-- 存储权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.MANAGE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
    tools:ignore="ScopedStorage" />

<!-- 相机权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" />
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" />

<!-- 网络权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

二、权限申请说明

  1. Android 6.0 以上需要动态申请权限
  2. Android 11 以上存储权限需跳转到系统设置开启
  3. Android 13 拆分相册权限为：图片、视频、音频

三、Activity 中申请权限（基础版） 

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public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private static final String[] PERMISSIONS_STORAGE = {
        Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
        Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
    };
    private static final int REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 1;
    private boolean havePermission = false;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        checkPermission();
    }

    private AlertDialog dialog;
    private void checkPermission() {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
                    != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                if (dialog != null) {
                    dialog.dismiss();
                    dialog = null;
                }
                dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
                        .setTitle("提示")
                        .setMessage("请开启文件访问权限，否则无法正常使用应用！")
                        .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                                dialog.dismiss();
                                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,
                                        PERMISSIONS_STORAGE, REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                            }
                        }).create();
                dialog.show();
            } else {
                havePermission = true;
            }
        } else {
            havePermission = true;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
                                           @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        switch (requestCode) {
            case REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE:
                if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    havePermission = true;
                    Toast.makeText(this, "授权成功！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                } else {
                    havePermission = false;
                    Toast.makeText(this, "授权被拒绝！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
        }
    }
}

四、Fragment 中申请权限 

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public class PersonFragment extends Fragment {
    public static Activity context;
    private static final String[] PERMISSIONS_STORAGE = {
        Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
        Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
        Manifest.permission.CAMERA
    };
    private static final int REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 1;

    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        checkPermission();
    }

    private AlertDialog dialog;
    private void checkPermission() {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
                    != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                if (dialog != null) {
                    dialog.dismiss();
                    dialog = null;
                }
                dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(context)
                        .setTitle("提示")
                        .setMessage("请开启文件访问权限，否则无法正常使用应用！")
                        .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                                dialog.dismiss();
                                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(context,
                                        PERMISSIONS_STORAGE, REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                            }
                        }).create();
                dialog.show();
            }
        }
    }
}

MainActivity 绑定 Fragment 上下文

1

PersonFragment.context = MainActivity.this;

五、Android 11 及以上存储权限（完整适配） 

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public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private static final String[] PERMISSIONS_STORAGE = {
        Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
        Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
    };
    private static final int REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 1;
    private boolean havePermission = false;
    private AlertDialog dialog;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        checkPermission();
    }

    private void checkPermission() {
        // Android 11 (API 30) 及以上
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 30) {
            if (!Environment.isExternalStorageManager()) {
                if (dialog != null) {
                    dialog.dismiss();
                    dialog = null;
                }
                dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
                        .setTitle("提示")
                        .setMessage("请开启文件访问权限，否则无法正常使用本应用！")
                        .setNegativeButton("取消", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int i) {
                                dialog.dismiss();
                            }
                        })
                        .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                                dialog.dismiss();
                                Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_ALL_FILES_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
                                startActivity(intent);
                            }
                        }).create();
                dialog.show();
            } else {
                havePermission = true;
            }
        }
        // Android 6.0 ~ Android 10
        else if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
            if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
                    != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                if (dialog != null) {
                    dialog.dismiss();
                    dialog = null;
                }
                dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this)
                        .setTitle("提示")
                        .setMessage("请开启文件访问权限，否则无法正常使用应用！")
                        .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                                dialog.dismiss();
                                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,
                                        PERMISSIONS_STORAGE, REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
                            }
                        }).create();
                dialog.show();
            } else {
                havePermission = true;
            }
        }
        // Android 6.0 以下
        else {
            havePermission = true;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,
                                           @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        switch (requestCode) {
            case REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE:
                if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    havePermission = true;
                    Toast.makeText(this, "授权成功！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                } else {
                    havePermission = false;
                    Toast.makeText(this, "授权被拒绝！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
                break;
        }
    }
}

六、Android 13 相机 + 相册权限 

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@RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU)
public class PersonFragment extends Fragment {
    public static Activity context;
    private static final int REQUEST_PICTURE_CODE = 100;

    // Android 13 以下
    private static final String[] PERMISSIONS_STORAGE = {
        Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
        Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
        Manifest.permission.CAMERA
    };
    private static final int REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE = 1;

    // Android 13 以上
    private static final String[] PERMISSIONS_STORAGE_33 = {
        Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES,
        Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_AUDIO,
        Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_VIDEO,
        Manifest.permission.CAMERA
    };
    private static final int REQUEST_PERMISSION_CODE_33 = 2;

    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        ifHaveAlbumPermission(context);
    }

    private void openFile() {
        Intent intentFromGallery = new Intent();
        intentFromGallery.setType("image/*");
        intentFromGallery.setAction(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
        context.startActivityForResult(intentFromGallery, REQUEST_PICTURE_CODE);
    }

    private void ifHaveAlbumPermission(Activity activity) {
        if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, Manifest.permission.READ_MEDIA_IMAGES)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.TIRAMISU) {
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,
                        PERMISSIONS_STORAGE_33, REQUEST_PERMISSION_CODE_33);
            } else {
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity,
                        PERMISSIONS_STORAGE, REQUEST_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
            }
        } else {
            openFile();
        }
    }
}

七、适用场景

  • 文件读写、下载、保存
  • 相机拍照、相册选取
  • Android 11/12/13 分区存储适配
  • Activity / Fragment 权限兼容
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